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General

This challenge is all about calculating if a point falls on, in, or outside a given circle.
There are two different ways of calculating if a point falls on, in, or outside a circle.
- This Stack Overflow Post: Equation for Testing if a Point is Inside a Circle outlines one method.
- This DoubleRoot post Position of a point relative to a circle outlines a different one.
- This Math is Fun post covers a more general Distance Between 2 Points calculation.
Because the dart board is a set of concentric circles, the order in which you calculate points could change the answer significantly. You should pay attention to which direction your calculations "move" in.
Remember that this exercise has many potential solutions and many paths you can take along the way. No path is manifestly "better" than another, although a particular path may be more interesting or better suited to what you want to learn or explore right now.
Some paths may trade speed for clarity. Others might take up more memory but be more scalable or maintainable.
We encourage you to try out more than one programming strategy to see what happens.