primeiro commit com exercicios de Exercism realizados até esta data

python/list-ops/.exercism/config.json

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+{
+  "authors": [
+    "behrtam"
+  ],
+  "contributors": [
+    "BethanyG",
+    "cmccandless",
+    "Dog",
+    "dvermd",
+    "gabriel376",
+    "IsaacG",
+    "N-Parsons",
+    "pheanex",
+    "rootulp",
+    "thomasjpfan",
+    "tqa236"
+  ],
+  "files": {
+    "solution": [
+      "list_ops.py"
+    ],
+    "test": [
+      "list_ops_test.py"
+    ],
+    "example": [
+      ".meta/example.py"
+    ]
+  },
+  "blurb": "Implement basic list operations."
+}

python/list-ops/.exercism/metadata.json

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+{"track":"python","exercise":"list-ops","id":"55460b9e32674ede804dd7334d0322eb","url":"https://exercism.org/tracks/python/exercises/list-ops","handle":"sanctushck","is_requester":true,"auto_approve":false}

python/list-ops/HELP.md

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+# Help
+
+## Running the tests
+
+We use [pytest][pytest: Getting Started Guide] as our website test runner.
+You will need to install `pytest` on your development machine if you want to run tests for the Python track locally.
+You should also install the following `pytest` plugins:
+
+- [pytest-cache][pytest-cache]
+- [pytest-subtests][pytest-subtests]
+
+Extended information can be found in our website [Python testing guide][Python track tests page].
+
+
+### Running Tests
+
+To run the included tests, navigate to the folder where the exercise is stored using `cd` in your terminal (_replace `{exercise-folder-location}` below with your path_).
+Test files usually end in `_test.py`, and are the same tests that run on the website when a solution is uploaded.
+
+Linux/MacOS
+```bash
+$ cd {path/to/exercise-folder-location}
+```
+
+Windows
+```powershell
+PS C:\Users\foobar> cd {path\to\exercise-folder-location}
+```
+
+<br>
+
+Next, run the `pytest` command in your terminal, replacing `{exercise_test.py}` with the name of the test file:
+
+Linux/MacOS
+```bash
+$ python3 -m pytest -o markers=task {exercise_test.py}
+==================== 7 passed in 0.08s ====================
+```
+
+Windows
+```powershell
+PS C:\Users\foobar> py -m pytest -o markers=task {exercise_test.py}
+==================== 7 passed in 0.08s ====================
+```
+
+
+### Common options
+- `-o` : override default `pytest.ini` (_you can use this to avoid marker warnings_)
+- `-v` : enable verbose output.
+- `-x` : stop running tests on first failure.
+- `--ff` : run failures from previous test before running other test cases.
+
+For additional options, use `python3 -m pytest -h` or `py -m pytest -h`.
+
+
+### Fixing warnings
+
+If you do not use `pytest -o markers=task` when invoking `pytest`, you might receive a `PytestUnknownMarkWarning` for tests that use our new syntax:
+
+```bash
+PytestUnknownMarkWarning: Unknown pytest.mark.task - is this a typo?  You can register custom marks to avoid this warning - for details, see https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/mark.html
+```
+
+To avoid typing `pytest -o markers=task` for every test you run, you can use a `pytest.ini` configuration file.
+We have made one that can be downloaded from the top level of the Python track directory: [pytest.ini][pytest.ini].
+
+You can also create your own `pytest.ini` file with the following content:
+
+```ini
+[pytest]
+markers =
+    task: A concept exercise task.
+```
+
+Placing the `pytest.ini` file in the _root_ or _working_ directory for your Python track exercises will register the marks and stop the warnings.
+More information on pytest marks can be found in the `pytest` documentation on [marking test functions][pytest: marking test functions with attributes] and the `pytest` documentation on [working with custom markers][pytest: working with custom markers].
+
+Information on customizing pytest configurations can be found in the `pytest` documentation on [configuration file formats][pytest: configuration file formats].
+
+
+### Extending your IDE or Code Editor
+
+Many IDEs and code editors have built-in support for using `pytest` and other code quality tools.
+Some community-sourced options can be found on our [Python track tools page][Python track tools page].
+
+[Pytest: Getting Started Guide]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/getting-started.html
+[Python track tools page]: https://exercism.org/docs/tracks/python/tools
+[Python track tests page]: https://exercism.org/docs/tracks/python/tests
+[pytest-cache]:http://pythonhosted.org/pytest-cache/
+[pytest-subtests]:https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-subtests
+[pytest.ini]: https://github.com/exercism/python/blob/main/pytest.ini
+[pytest: configuration file formats]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/6.2.x/customize.html#configuration-file-formats
+[pytest: marking test functions with attributes]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/6.2.x/mark.html#raising-errors-on-unknown-marks
+[pytest: working with custom markers]: https://docs.pytest.org/en/6.2.x/example/markers.html#working-with-custom-markers
+
+## Submitting your solution
+
+You can submit your solution using the `exercism submit list_ops.py` command.
+This command will upload your solution to the Exercism website and print the solution page's URL.
+
+It's possible to submit an incomplete solution which allows you to:
+
+- See how others have completed the exercise
+- Request help from a mentor
+
+## Need to get help?
+
+If you'd like help solving the exercise, check the following pages:
+
+- The [Python track's documentation](https://exercism.org/docs/tracks/python)
+- The [Python track's programming category on the forum](https://forum.exercism.org/c/programming/python)
+- [Exercism's programming category on the forum](https://forum.exercism.org/c/programming/5)
+- The [Frequently Asked Questions](https://exercism.org/docs/using/faqs)
+
+Should those resources not suffice, you could submit your (incomplete) solution to request mentoring.
+
+Below are some resources for getting help if you run into trouble:
+
+- [The PSF](https://www.python.org) hosts Python downloads, documentation, and community resources.
+- [The Exercism Community on Discord](https://exercism.org/r/discord)
+- [Python Community on Discord](https://pythondiscord.com/) is a very helpful and active community.
+- [/r/learnpython/](https://www.reddit.com/r/learnpython/) is a subreddit designed for Python learners.
+- [#python on Libera.chat](https://www.python.org/community/irc/) this is where the core developers for the language hang out and get work done.
+- [Python Community Forums](https://discuss.python.org/)
+- [Free Code Camp Community Forums](https://forum.freecodecamp.org/)
+- [CodeNewbie Community Help Tag](https://community.codenewbie.org/t/help)
+- [Pythontutor](http://pythontutor.com/) for stepping through small code snippets visually.
+
+Additionally, [StackOverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/python) is a good spot to search for your problem/question to see if it has been answered already.
+ If not - you can always [ask](https://stackoverflow.com/help/how-to-ask) or [answer](https://stackoverflow.com/help/how-to-answer) someone else's question.

python/list-ops/README.md

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+# List Ops
+
+Welcome to List Ops on Exercism's Python Track.
+If you need help running the tests or submitting your code, check out `HELP.md`.
+
+## Instructions
+
+Implement basic list operations.
+
+In functional languages list operations like `length`, `map`, and `reduce` are very common.
+Implement a series of basic list operations, without using existing functions.
+
+The precise number and names of the operations to be implemented will be track dependent to avoid conflicts with existing names, but the general operations you will implement include:
+
+- `append` (_given two lists, add all items in the second list to the end of the first list_);
+- `concatenate` (_given a series of lists, combine all items in all lists into one flattened list_);
+- `filter` (_given a predicate and a list, return the list of all items for which `predicate(item)` is True_);
+- `length` (_given a list, return the total number of items within it_);
+- `map` (_given a function and a list, return the list of the results of applying `function(item)` on all items_);
+- `foldl` (_given a function, a list, and initial accumulator, fold (reduce) each item into the accumulator from the left_);
+- `foldr` (_given a function, a list, and an initial accumulator, fold (reduce) each item into the accumulator from the right_);
+- `reverse` (_given a list, return a list with all the original items, but in reversed order_).
+
+Note, the ordering in which arguments are passed to the fold functions (`foldl`, `foldr`) is significant.
+
+## Source
+
+### Created by
+
+- @behrtam
+
+### Contributed to by
+
+- @BethanyG
+- @cmccandless
+- @Dog
+- @dvermd
+- @gabriel376
+- @IsaacG
+- @N-Parsons
+- @pheanex
+- @rootulp
+- @thomasjpfan
+- @tqa236

python/list-ops/list_ops.py

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+from typing import Callable
+
+
+# return the length of list
+def length(list: list) -> int:
+    length: int = 0
+    for _ in list:
+        length += 1
+    return length
+
+
+# append list2 at the end of list1
+def append(list1: list, list2: list) -> list:
+    new_list: list = []
+    for index, item in enumerate(list1, 0):
+        new_list.insert(index, item)
+    for index, item in enumerate(list2, length(list1)):
+        new_list.insert(index, item)
+    return new_list
+
+
+def concat(lists: list[list]):
+    new_list: list = []
+    for item_list in lists:
+        new_list = append(new_list, item_list)
+    return new_list
+
+
+def filter(function: Callable, list_of_items: list):
+    filtered_list: list = []
+    insert_index: int = 0
+    for item in list_of_items:
+        if function(item):
+            filtered_list.insert(insert_index, item)
+            insert_index += 1
+    return filtered_list
+
+
+def map(function, list_of_items):
+    mapped_list: list = []
+    for index, item in enumerate(list_of_items):
+        mapped_list.insert(index, function(item))
+    return mapped_list
+
+
+def foldl(
+    function: Callable, list_of_items: list[int | str], initial: int | str
+) -> int | str:
+    result: int | str = initial
+    if len(list_of_items) == 0:
+        return result
+    for index in range(0, len(list_of_items)):
+        result = function(result, list_of_items[index])
+    return result
+
+
+def foldr(function: Callable, list_of_items: list, initial: int | str) -> int | str:
+    result: int | str = initial
+    if len(list_of_items) == 0:
+        return result
+    for index in range(len(list_of_items) - 1, -1, -1):
+        result = function(result, list_of_items[index])
+    return result
+
+
+# reverse the order of the elements in the list
+def reverse(list_of_items: list) -> list:
+    # not doing this
+    # return list[::-1]
+    reversed_list: list = []
+    for item in list_of_items:
+        reversed_list.insert(0, item)
+    return reversed_list

python/list-ops/list_ops_test.py

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+# These tests are auto-generated with test data from:
+# https://github.com/exercism/problem-specifications/tree/main/exercises/list-ops/canonical-data.json
+# File last updated on 2023-07-19
+
+import unittest
+
+from list_ops import (
+    append,
+    concat,
+    foldl,
+    foldr,
+    length,
+    reverse,
+    filter as list_ops_filter,
+    map as list_ops_map,
+)
+
+
+class ListOpsTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_append_empty_lists(self):
+        self.assertEqual(append([], []), [])
+
+    def test_append_list_to_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(append([], [1, 2, 3, 4]), [1, 2, 3, 4])
+
+    def test_append_empty_list_to_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(append([1, 2, 3, 4], []), [1, 2, 3, 4])
+
+    def test_append_non_empty_lists(self):
+        self.assertEqual(append([1, 2], [2, 3, 4, 5]), [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+
+    def test_concat_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(concat([]), [])
+
+    def test_concat_list_of_lists(self):
+        self.assertEqual(concat([[1, 2], [3], [], [4, 5, 6]]), [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
+
+    def test_concat_list_of_nested_lists(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            concat([[[1], [2]], [[3]], [[]], [[4, 5, 6]]]),
+            [[1], [2], [3], [], [4, 5, 6]],
+        )
+
+    def test_filter_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(list_ops_filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 1, []), [])
+
+    def test_filter_non_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(list_ops_filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 1, [1, 2, 3, 5]), [1, 3, 5])
+
+    def test_length_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(length([]), 0)
+
+    def test_length_non_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(length([1, 2, 3, 4]), 4)
+
+    def test_map_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(list_ops_map(lambda x: x + 1, []), [])
+
+    def test_map_non_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(list_ops_map(lambda x: x + 1, [1, 3, 5, 7]), [2, 4, 6, 8])
+
+    def test_foldl_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(foldl(lambda acc, el: el * acc, [], 2), 2)
+
+    def test_foldl_direction_independent_function_applied_to_non_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(foldl(lambda acc, el: el + acc, [1, 2, 3, 4], 5), 15)
+
+    def test_foldl_direction_dependent_function_applied_to_non_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(foldl(lambda acc, el: el / acc, [1, 2, 3, 4], 24), 64)
+
+    def test_foldr_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(foldr(lambda acc, el: el * acc, [], 2), 2)
+
+    def test_foldr_direction_independent_function_applied_to_non_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(foldr(lambda acc, el: el + acc, [1, 2, 3, 4], 5), 15)
+
+    def test_foldr_direction_dependent_function_applied_to_non_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(foldr(lambda acc, el: el / acc, [1, 2, 3, 4], 24), 9)
+
+    def test_reverse_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(reverse([]), [])
+
+    def test_reverse_non_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual(reverse([1, 3, 5, 7]), [7, 5, 3, 1])
+
+    def test_reverse_list_of_lists_is_not_flattened(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            reverse([[1, 2], [3], [], [4, 5, 6]]), [[4, 5, 6], [], [3], [1, 2]]
+        )
+
+    # Additional tests for this track
+
+    def test_foldr_foldr_add_string(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            foldr(
+                lambda acc, el: el + acc, ["e", "x", "e", "r", "c", "i", "s", "m"], "!"
+            ),
+            "exercism!",
+        )
+
+    def test_reverse_reverse_mixed_types(self):
+        self.assertEqual(reverse(["xyz", 4.0, "cat", 1]), [1, "cat", 4.0, "xyz"])